die
Anfälligkeit
📖 What does 'die Anfälligkeit' mean?
Die Anfälligkeit (feminine noun) describes the _quality_ or _state_ of being particularly _susceptible_ or easily influenced by something negative (e.g., diseases, malfunctions, criticism, temptations). It signifies a lack of resistance to harmful influences.
You can be susceptible (*anfällig*) to:
- 🤧 Illnesses (*Krankheiten*) (e.g., colds)
- 💻 Technical malfunctions (*technische Störungen*) (e.g., system crashes)
- 😥 Emotional harm (*emotionale Verletzungen*) (e.g., criticism)
- ⚙️ Specific sources of error (*Fehlerquellen*)
The word is derived from the adjective *anfällig* (_susceptible, prone_).
Article rules for der, die, and das
-keit → always feminine.
🧐 Grammar Spotlight: Die Anfälligkeit
*Anfälligkeit* is a feminine noun. The article is *die*. Like most German nouns ending in *-keit*, it's feminine.
Declension:
Case | Article | Noun |
---|---|---|
Nominative (Subject) | die | Anfälligkeit |
Genitive (Possessive) | der | Anfälligkeit |
Dative (Indirect Object) | der | Anfälligkeit |
Accusative (Direct Object) | die | Anfälligkeit |
Case | Article | Noun |
---|---|---|
Nominative | die | Anfälligkeiten |
Genitive | der | Anfälligkeiten |
Dative | den | Anfälligkeiten |
Accusative | die | Anfälligkeiten |
Note: The plural *die Anfälligkeiten* is used less frequently but is correct, e.g., when talking about different types of susceptibilities.
📝 Example Sentences:
- Die Anfälligkeit des Systems für Cyberangriffe ist besorgniserregend.
(The system's susceptibility to cyberattacks is worrying.) - Im Winter steigt die Anfälligkeit für Erkältungskrankheiten.
(Susceptibility to colds increases in winter.) - Er zeigte eine hohe emotionale Anfälligkeit gegenüber Kritik.
(He showed a high emotional vulnerability to criticism.) - Man untersuchte die verschiedenen Anfälligkeiten der Software. (Plural)
(They investigated the various vulnerabilities of the software.)
💡 How is 'Anfälligkeit' used?
*Anfälligkeit* is often used in contexts describing a weakness or sensitivity to negative influences:
- Medicine & Health: Refers to *Krankheitsanfälligkeit* (susceptibility to illness) or *Anfälligkeit für Infektionen* (susceptibility to infections). (e.g., Seine Anfälligkeit für Allergien ist bekannt. - His susceptibility to allergies is known.)
- Technology & IT: Describes the *Störanfälligkeit* (susceptibility to interference/malfunction) of devices or the *Anfälligkeit* of software to bugs or attacks. (e.g., Die Anfälligkeit des alten Systems war der Grund für das Update. - The old system's vulnerability was the reason for the update.)
- Psychology & Character: Can describe emotional or psychological lability. (e.g., Ihre Anfälligkeit für Stress machte ihr zu schaffen. - Her susceptibility to stress troubled her.)
- Materials & Construction: Refers to the sensitivity of materials to external factors like corrosion or wear. (e.g., Die Anfälligkeit des Holzes für Feuchtigkeit muss berücksichtigt werden. - The wood's susceptibility to moisture must be considered.)
Generally, the word expresses an undesirable quality that can lead to problems. It's more formal than, for example, *Schwäche* (_weakness_).
🧠 Mnemonics for Anfälligkeit
Article Mnemonic: Nouns ending in -keit are almost always feminine in German. Think of: *die Heiterkeit* (_cheerfulness_), *die Sauberkeit* (_cleanliness_), *die Möglichkeit* (_possibility_)... and therefore also die Anfälligkeit. It's a 'feminine' quality (grammatically speaking!).
Meaning Mnemonic: *Anfällig* sounds a bit like being prone to 'fall into' something bad (like an illness or a trap). *Die Anfälligkeit* is the state of being likely to 'fall into' trouble or sickness easily – your _susceptibility_.
🔄 Synonyms & Antonyms
Same or Similar Meaning (Synonyms):
- Empfindlichkeit: _Sensitivity_, often more neutral or referring to senses/emotions.
- Empfänglichkeit: _Receptiveness_, very similar, emphasizing openness to influences (positive or negative).
- Labilität: _Lability_, emphasizes instability, often psychological/emotional.
- Schwäche: _Weakness_, general term for lack of strength or resistance.
- Disposition (technical term): _Predisposition_ or tendency towards something (often diseases).
Opposite Meaning (Antonyms):
- Widerstandsfähigkeit: _Resistance_, ability to withstand influences.
- Resistenz: _Resistance_, strong opposition, often to diseases/pests.
- Immunität: _Immunity_, complete protection, usually from disease.
- Robustheit: _Robustness_, general strength and insensitivity.
- Stabilität: _Stability_, firmness, constancy.
⚠️ Caution: Don't confuse *Anfälligkeit* with *Abfälligkeit* (_disrespectfulness, pejorativeness_)!
😂 A Little Joke
Patient zum Arzt: „Herr Doktor, ich habe eine hohe Anfälligkeit dafür, alles zu vergessen!“
Arzt: „Seit wann haben Sie das denn?“
Patient: „Seit wann habe ich was?“
English:
Patient to the doctor: "Doctor, I have a high *Anfälligkeit* (susceptibility) for forgetting everything!"
Doctor: "Since when have you had that?"
Patient: "Since when have I had what?"
✍️ A Little Poem
Die Grippe schleicht durch Stadt und Land,
sucht Schwäche, nimmt die schwache Hand.
Wo Abwehr fehlt, ein Schutz nicht hält,
da zeigt sich schnell die Welt
der Anfälligkeit, mal kalt, mal heiß,
man wünscht sich Stärke, um jeden Preis.
English:
The flu creeps through town and land,
seeks weakness, takes the feeble hand.
Where defense lacks, protection fails,
the world quickly unveils
of *Anfälligkeit*, sometimes cold, sometimes hot,
one wishes for strength, no matter what.
🤔 Riddle Time
Ich bin das Gegenteil von stark und immun,
hab' mit Krankheiten und Fehlern oft zu tun.
Systeme und Menschen, sie haben mich manchmal,
ich mache sie schwach, erhöhe die Qual.
Was bin ich?
English:
I am the opposite of strong and immune,
I often have dealings with illness and gloom.
Systems and people sometimes have me near,
I make them weak, increase the fear.
What am I?
Solution: die Anfälligkeit (susceptibility)
🧩 Further Details
Word Formation (Etymology):
The word *Anfälligkeit* is a derived noun.
- It's based on the adjective anfällig (_susceptible, prone_).
- The suffix -keit is added to adjectives to form feminine nouns indicating a quality, state, or behavior (like in *Freiheit* - freedom, *Möglichkeit* - possibility, *Geschwindigkeit* - speed).
So: anfällig + -keit → Anfälligkeit
📝 Summary: is it der, die or das Anfälligkeit?
The German word "Anfälligkeit" is a feminine noun. The correct article is die: die Anfälligkeit.